{
  "quizTitle": "ICSE Class X - Genetics and Cell Division",
  "quizCategory": "ICSE Class X",
  "quizSubject": "Biology",
  "questions": [
    {
      "questionText": "During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles?",
      "options": [
        "Prophase",
        "Metaphase",
        "Anaphase",
        "Telophase"
      ],
      "correctOptionIndex": 2,
      "explanationText": "In Anaphase, the centromere divides and sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite spindle poles by shortening spindle fibres.",
      "hint": "Phase characterized by chromatids moving away to opposite poles."
    },
    {
      "questionText": "What phenotypic ratio did Gregor Mendel obtain in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?",
      "options": [
        "1:2:1",
        "3:1",
        "9:3:3:1",
        "2:1"
      ],
      "correctOptionIndex": 1,
      "explanationText": "Mendel's monohybrid cross between pure tall (TT) and pure dwarf (tt) plants produced an F2 generation phenotypic ratio of 3 Tall : 1 Dwarf.",
      "hint": "Three dominant phenotypes for every one recessive phenotype."
    },
    {
      "questionText": "How many total pairs of chromosomes are present in a normal human diploid somatic cell?",
      "options": [
        "22 pairs",
        "23 pairs",
        "46 pairs",
        "44 pairs"
      ],
      "correctOptionIndex": 1,
      "explanationText": "A normal human diploid cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes), consisting of 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.",
      "hint": "Total chromosomes is 46, so divide by 2 for pairs."
    },
    {
      "questionText": "Why is colour blindness more commonly expressed in human males than females?",
      "options": [
        "The allele is located on the Y chromosome",
        "The defect is an X-linked recessive trait and males have only one X chromosome",
        "Males produce more cone cells in the retina",
        "The gene is strictly dominant in males"
      ],
      "correctOptionIndex": 1,
      "explanationText": "Red-green colour blindness is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome. Since human males are XY, a single recessive allele on their sole X chromosome results in phenotypic expression.",
      "hint": "Males are hemizygous (XY) for genes on the X chromosome."
    }
  ]
}