ICSE Class 10History & Civics
⏱️ 12 min readThe First War of Independence 1857
Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse annexed Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Sambalpur; annexation of Awadh on grounds of misgovernance.; Immediate trigger: Enfield rifle greased cartridge lubricated with cow and pig fat offending Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
⚡ Essential Formula / LawCore Syllabus Rule
Causes: Political (Doctrine of Lapse) + Religious (Cartridges) + Military (Discontent)
🎯 High-Yield Syllabus Checkpoints
- 1Lord Dalhousie's Doctrine of Lapse annexed Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Sambalpur; annexation of Awadh on grounds of misgovernance.
- 2Immediate trigger: Enfield rifle greased cartridge lubricated with cow and pig fat offending Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
- 3End of Company rule: Government of India Act 1858 transferred power to the British Crown and Viceroy.
🚨 Examiner Traps & Common Mistakes
⚠️ Common Student Pitfall
Attributing Awadh annexation to Doctrine of Lapse (Awadh was annexed under alleged misgovernance / maladministration).
📚 Verified Technical Definitions
Doctrine of Lapse
Annexation policy implemented by Dalhousie stating that if an Indian ruler died without a natural biological male heir, his state was absorbed into the British Empire.
Spaced Repetition Protocol:
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