ICSE Class 10Chemistry
⏱️ 13 min readAcids, Bases and Salts
Basicity of acids: H₃PO₄ is tribasic, H₃PO₃ is dibasic, H₃PO₂ is monobasic, CH₃COOH is monobasic.; Classification of salts: Normal, Acidic (NaHSO₄), Basic (Mg(OH)Cl), and Complex salts.
⚡ Essential Formula / LawCore Syllabus Rule
pH = -log[H⁺] | Neutralisation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water | Basicity = Ionisable H⁺ per molecule
🎯 High-Yield Syllabus Checkpoints
- 1Basicity of acids: H₃PO₄ is tribasic, H₃PO₃ is dibasic, H₃PO₂ is monobasic, CH₃COOH is monobasic.
- 2Classification of salts: Normal, Acidic (NaHSO₄), Basic (Mg(OH)Cl), and Complex salts.
- 3Action of dilute acids on carbonates, sulphites, and sulphides with distinct gas evolution tests.
🚨 Examiner Traps & Common Mistakes
⚠️ Common Student Pitfall
Calling CH₃COOH tetrabasic because it has 4 hydrogen atoms (only 1 carboxylic hydrogen ionises).
⚠️ Common Student Pitfall
Forgetting that PbCl₂ is insoluble in cold water but dissolves completely in hot boiling water.
📚 Verified Technical Definitions
Basicity of an Acid
The number of replaceable hydronium (H₃O⁺) ions produced by the ionisation of one molecule of that acid in aqueous solution.
Spaced Repetition Protocol:
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